|
Holistic Approaches
Holistic approaches to addiction
and alcoholism reduce stress and improve mental and
physical well being. They also generally help increase
behavioral self-control. Now scientific studies are
demonstrating, in some cases, dramatically improved
success rates. If you would like to read the full text
of any of the research studies cited below they can
be ordered through www.docdeliver.com
or www.ingenta.com.
Acupuncture
Developed in China over 2,500 years ago, acupuncture
is part of a system of medicine that seeks to establish
the free and balanced flow of energy (or chi) by the
insertion of needles on specific points along the energy
pathways of the body. It is based on the idea that blocked
chi is the cause of disharmony in the body/mind, and
therefore disease.
Acupuncture
and Oriental Medicine Alliance (www.acupuncturealliance.org)
This site provides a referral service to help people
locate acupuncture or Oriental medicine practitioners
in the US. It contains over 8,000 practitioners who
have been verified as state licensed or national board
certified in acupuncture or Oriental medicine with the
appropriate state agency or national certification commission.
Searches can be done by practitioner’s last name,
zip code, city, area code or state.
American
Academy of Medical Acupuncture (www.medicalacupuncture.org)
A physician-only professional acupuncture society. Their
site provides a medical acupuncturist referral service
located by state or area code as well as general information
and research on acupuncture.
Research
Avants SK. Margolin A. Holford TR. Kosten TR. “A
randomized controlled trial of auricular acupuncture
for cocaine dependence.” Archives of Internal Medicine.
160(15):2305-12, 2000.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness
of auricular acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine
addiction. Patients who received acupuncture in this
study were significantly more likely to test free of
cocaine at the end of the eight week treatment period.
Researchers concluded that acupuncture shows promise
for the treatment of cocaine abuse and should be further
studied.
Acupuncture is currently used in many drug treatment
facilities or can be part of a self-help program for
recovery.
Biofeedback
Biofeedback is a scientific way of learning tension
reduction. Biofeedback practitioners employ instruments
to give a person immediate feedback about the level
of tension in their body. People practicing biofeedback
often say they gain psychological confidence when they
learn they can control their physiology. Biofeedback
has been found effective in several aspects of addiction
treatment.
Biofeedback practitioners can be located at the
Biofeedback
Certification Institute of America (BCIA) (www.bcia.org).
Research
Stewart SH, Kushner MG. “Introduction to the special
issue on “Anxiety Sensitivity and Addictive Behaviors.”
Addictive Behaviors. 26(6): 775-785, 2001.
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is characterized by a fear
of arousal-related bodily sensations that are interpreted
as signs of impending catastrophe on physical, psychological,
or social levels. AS has been linked to increased risk
for the development of panic attacks, anxiety disorders
and more recently to substance use disorders. AS is
thought to increase drug withdrawal severity and to
lower tolerance for withdrawal symptoms.
Biofeedback is a technique that is used to treat
the type of anxiety sensitivity described above.
Brainwave
Biofeedback (also called Neurofeedback)
Brain wave biofeedback (or neurofeedback) is a therapy
in which patients learn to alter their brain wave patterns.
In one type of neurofeedback the training involves normalization
of alpha and theta waves which are disturbed by long
term substance abuse. Brainwave Biofeedback has shown
dramatic success in several studies to prevent relapses
from drug and alcohol addiction. This very promising
treatment can be more fully understood by reading
"Effects
of Neurofeedback on Chemical Dependency Treatment"
by D.A. Kaiser, S. Othmer and W. Scott at www.eegspectrum.com/Applications/Addiction/
Brainwave biofeedback practitioners can
be located at the following sites:
Biofeedback
Certification Institute of America (BCIA)
(www.bcia.org)
BCIA certifies practitioners in both biofeedback and
neurofeedback. Their site provides an updated register
of certified practitioners. A Practitioner Search can
be done by first and/or last name of the practitioner,
city, state, or zip code. The letters BCIA after a name
means the practitioner is certified in General Biofeedback.
The letters EEG after a name means the practitioner
is certified in EEG Biofeedback (or Neurofeedback).
In addition information is given on questions you might
ask a practitioner before scheduling a session.
EEG
Spectrum International (www.eegspectrum.com) This
site provides a good introduction to neurofeedback (EEG
biofeedback) including its applications to various health
conditions. In the "Finding a Provider" section
of the site you can locate by state a therapist or practitioner
who has been trained in neurofeedback at the EEG Spectrum
Institute.
Research
Trudeau DL. “The treatment of addictive disorders
by brain wave biofeedback: a review and suggestions
for future research.” Clinical Electroencephalography.
31(1): 13-22, 2000.
In small clinical trials and case studies, specific
EEG aberrations in substance abuse disorders have been
noted, including very specific abnormalities likely
associated with drug neurotoxicity. This suggests the
possibility that specific EEG biofeedback protocols
may be studied for their effect on these conditions.
These EEG documented changes are further proof that
addiction is an illness of the brain.
Herbal Therapy
Herbs are natural botanical substances
that have effects on the body. Many herbs have long
been used in detoxification. Kudzu has the potential
for moderating alcohol abuse. Kava and valerian can
be used to treat the insomnia that accompanies withdrawal.
Milk thistle has been shown to improve liver function.
The use of herbs in the recovery process
may be most effective when used in conjunction with
other strategies that support the whole person including
nutrition, bodywork, acupuncture, relaxation and exercise.
Alternative
Medicine Foundation (AMF) (www.herbmed.org) This
site, highly recommended by herbal therapists and physicians
who use herbs, features HerbMed, an evidence-based resource
on medicinal herbs providing a variety of detailed information
on approximately 125 herbs. The site also links to clinical
and scientific publications.
Research
Takahashi M, Toduyama S. “Pharmacological and physiological
effects of ginseng on actions induced by opioids and
psychostimulants.” Methods & Findings in Experimental
& Clinical Pharmacology. 20(1): 77-84, 1998.
This review summarizes studies that looked
at the effects of ginseng on the actions of opioids
and psychostimulants. Among the findings, ginseng was
able to block the analgesic effects of opioids and inhibit
tolerance to and dependence on morphine. Findings provide
evidence that ginseng may be useful clinically for the
prevention and treatment of morphine, cocaine, and methamphetamine
dependence.
Hypnosis
Hypnosis is a state of focused attention and concentration
induced by the self or a therapist. From that state,
the mind is especially receptive to ideas and suggestions
compatible with the person's goals. Some people have
found hypnosis to be a useful part of a total recovery
program.
American
Society of Clinical Hypnosis (ASCH) (www.asch.net)
The ASCH site provides general information on hypnotherapy,
its benefits and medical uses, and guidance in how to
select a qualified hypnotherapist. To obtain a referral
list, either call (630/980-4740) or email (info@asch.net)
the ASCH office with a fax number and include the state
in which you reside. You can also send a self-addressed
stamped envelope to ASCH, 130 East Elm Court, Suite
201, Roselle, IL 60172-2000.
Imaging
Imagery involves the use of the imagination to achieve
specific healing and life goals. It can be effective
in helping people cope with stress and regain a sense
of control and well-being. As with all other mind/body
techniques, interest, motivation and practice are keys
to the successful use of imagery for health and healing.
Health
Journeys (www.healthjourneys.com/catalogue.asp)
Alcohol and Other Drugs (audiotape)
Created by Belleruth Naparstek, a pioneer in guided
imagery, this audiotape is designed to reduce addictive
craving and the discomfort of withdrawal, teach new
relaxation skills, and reinforce positive behavior change.
Tapes can be ordered by telephone (1-800-800-8661),
online or by mail.
Meditation
There are many different types of meditation which
all work to slow down the chatter of the mind and promote
relaxation and mental clarity. Studies have shown Transcendental
Meditation’s effectiveness in relapse prevention.
Wildmind
Buddhist Meditation (www.wildmind.org)
Wildmind offers a variety of practical approaches to learning
Buddhist meditation online, including written material,
guided meditations in RealAudio format, and online meditation
courses led by an experienced instructor. A good amount
of guidance is provided overall, making the site appropriate
for beginners as well as more advanced meditation practitioners.
The
World Wide Online Meditation Center (www.meditationcenter.com)
Simple written instruction for eight different types
of meditation including healing, centering, relaxation
, and mindfulness meditation are provided online.
Transcendental
Meditation (TM) (www.tm.org) The site describes
the TM program, its health benefits, and the extensive
research that has been done on TM. An online locator
is provided in order to find the closest Maharishi Vedic
University, College, School or Center where the TM technique
is taught or you can call toll free at 1-888-532-7686.
Research
Taub E, Steiner SS, Weingarten E, Walton KG. “Effectiveness
of broad spectrum approaches to relapse prevention in
severe alcoholism: a long-term, randomized, controlled
trial of Transcendental Meditation, EMG biofeedback
and electronic neurotherapy.” Alcoholism Treatment
Quarterly. 11(1-2): 187-220, 1994.
Large improvements in relapse prevention were seen with
the addition of Transcendental Meditation (TM) or EMG
biofeedback to the routine treatment program in an alcohol
residential treatment facility. Complete abstinence
18 months after leaving the center was reported by 65%
of the TM group and 55% of the biofeedback group compared
to 25% of the standard care group and 28% for the neurotherapy
group.
The long-term positive effects of TM, in particular,
seem to be correlated with a reduced relapse rate. TM
may not only reduce tension and anxiety, but also enhance
a sense of control in anxiety-provoking situations that
strengthens the long-term resistance to stress.
It should also be noted that there are many ways
to achieve a meditative state of mind. For those who
have trouble sitting quietly for periods of time, various
movement practices and martial arts, such as t’ai
chi, qigong, and karate, can also focus and calm the
mind and enhance feelings of self-confidence and self-worth.
Nutrition
Nutrition plays a vital role in a holistic
approach to addiction. A good starting point is the
book, "Seven Weeks To Sobriety: The Proven Program
to Fight Alcoholism Through Nutrition" by Joan
Mathew Larson Ph.D
American
Dietetic Association (ADA) (www.eatright.org) -
The American Dietetic Association is the nation's largest
organization of food and nutrition professionals. Their
web site provides a "Find a Dietitian" feature
locating dietitians in the United States by zip code.
Descriptions include areas of practice or specialty
for each dietitian.
|
Qigong
Qigong is a traditional Chinese
health practice. Qi (life energy or breath) gong
(work) is a series of slow moving exercises that
gather and stimulate the movement of Qi in the
body. Qigong has also been called "moving
meditation." Qigong is believed to have general
health promoting and healing effects.
Qigong
Institute (www.qigonginstitute.org) The site
provides a directory organized by state of Qigong
teachers and therapists who are members of the
Institute and briefly describes their practices.
Recommended books and videos on Qigong as well
as abstracts of published articles are also available.
National
Qigong Association (NQA) (www.nqa.org) On
the Professional Member's page, practitioners
who are members of NQA are listed by state. Listings
often include the practitioner's own web site
with their teaching schedule and further information.
The web site also includes an extensive list of
links on Qigong.
Research
Li M, Chen K, Mo Z. “Use of qigong therapy
in the detoxification of heroin addicts.”
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine.
8(1): 50-59, 2002.
In this study conducted in China
on 86 male heroin addicts undergoing detoxification,
the treatment group practicing Qigong experienced
less anxiety and more rapid reduction of withdrawal
symptoms than the group receiving detoxification
drugs alone.
The practice of qigong, through
its use of movement, breath work, visualizations
and meditation, may be a beneficial addition to
both a detoxification regimen and to an overall
treatment and relapse prevention strategy.
|
Yoga
Yoga is a technique that uses physical postures and
controlled breathing to lengthen
and strengthen the spine, increase flexibility, calm
the mind, improve concentration, and promote patience.
Yoga can also contribute to a greater sense of control
in more acute states when experiencing cravings, insomnia,
agitation, etc. Regular practice is need to fully experience
these benefits.
American
Yoga Association (AYA) (www.americanyogassociation.org/)
This site provides information on the different types
of yoga and guidance on how to choose a qualified teacher.
A 15-minute online meditation is planned.
Himalayan
International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy
of the U.S.A.
(www.himalayaninstitute.org/ytg) This site provides
a useful locator for yoga practitioners through the
Yoga Teachers Guide. In the “Find a Teacher”
section you can specify a zip code to locate yoga classes
near you. Searches can also be done by organization
name, practitioner name, city or country.
Research
Lohman R. “Yoga techniques applicable within drug
and alcohol rehabilitation programmes.” Therapeutic
Communities. 20(1): 61-71, 1999.
This article describes specific yoga techniques used
for detoxification and rehabilitation including breath
control, relaxation and meditation, postures, diet and
chanting. Research results strongly suggest that yoga
is a positive motivator for rehabilitation and an aid
to detoxification. Yoga used in conjunction with counseling
and group work appears to support and further the healing
process.
<<
back |
